Problem: Unsupported major.minor version 51.0.
Cause: The compiled application is not compatible with the JDK version of the application server.
Solution: Compile the source code again using the correct JDK version as of the application server.
The reported major numbers are:
J2SE 8 = 52,
J2SE 7 = 51,
J2SE 6.0 = 50,
J2SE 5.0 = 49,
JDK 1.4 = 48,
JDK 1.3 = 47,
JDK 1.2 = 46,
JDK 1.1 = 45
Problem: Eclipse is running in a JRE, but a JDK is required.
Cause:
Solution: Add the following at the beginning of eclipse.ini
-vm
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_31\jre\bin\server
-vm
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_31\jre\bin\server
-startup
plugins/org.eclipse.equinox.launcher_1.3.0.v20120522-1813.jar
--launcher.library
plugins/org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.win32.win32.x86_64_1.1.200.v20120913-144807
-product
org.eclipse.epp.package.jee.product
--launcher.defaultAction
openFile
--launcher.XXMaxPermSize
256M
-showsplash
org.eclipse.platform
--launcher.XXMaxPermSize
256m
--launcher.defaultAction
openFile
-vmargs
-Dosgi.requiredJavaVersion=1.5
-Dhelp.lucene.tokenizer=standard
-Xms40m
-Xmx512m
-XX:MaxPermSize=256m
Problem: When lazy loading in used in Hibernate, it fails to initialize a collection of role.
failed to lazily initialize a collection of role: could not initialize proxy - no Session org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException: could not initialize proxy - no SessionCause: The session was closed, so it can't load the actual contents of the collection.
Solution: add an @Transactional annotation to it, or the entry point from which it is called.
Problem: PermGen Space (Out of Memory)
Cause:
PermGen is the permanent generation of objects in the VM (Class names, internalized strings, objects that will never get garbage-collected).
The memory limit is too small that the Eclipse quickly runs out of memory, causing the aforesaid error.
Solution: Increase the permanent generation space available to Eclipse by adding the following in eclipse.ini
-XX:MaxPermSize=256m
-vm
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_15\jre\bin\server
-startup
plugins/org.eclipse.equinox.launcher_1.2.0.v20110502.jar
--launcher.library
plugins/org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.win32.win32.x86_64_1.1.100.v20110502
-product
org.eclipse.epp.package.jee.product
--launcher.defaultAction
openFile
--launcher.XXMaxPermSize
256M
-showsplash
org.eclipse.platform
--launcher.XXMaxPermSize
256m
--launcher.defaultAction
openFile
-vmargs
-Dosgi.requiredJavaVersion=1.5
-Xms40m
-Xmx512m
-XX:MaxPermSize=256m
Problem: When trying to get a service from the BundleContext, NullPointerException is found.
public class Activator implements BundleActivator {
ServiceReference helloServiceReference;
public void start(BundleContext context) throws Exception {
System.out.println("Hello World!!");
helloServiceReference= context.getServiceReference(HelloService.class.getName());
HelloService helloService =(HelloService)context.getService(helloServiceReference);
System.out.println(helloService.sayHello());
}
public void stop(BundleContext context) throws Exception {
System.out.println("Goodbye World!!");
context.ungetService(helloServiceReference);
}
}
org.osgi.framework.BundleException: Exception in com.javaworld.sample.helloworld.Activator.start() of bundle com.javaworld.sample.HelloWorld.
at org.eclipse.osgi.framework.internal.core.BundleContextImpl.startActivator(BundleContextImpl.java:734)
at org.eclipse.osgi.framework.internal.core.BundleContextImpl.start(BundleContextImpl.java:683)
at org.eclipse.osgi.framework.internal.core.BundleHost.startWorker(BundleHost.java:381)
at org.eclipse.osgi.framework.internal.core.AbstractBundle.resume(AbstractBundle.java:389)
at org.eclipse.osgi.framework.internal.core.Framework.resumeBundle(Framework.java:1131)
at org.eclipse.osgi.framework.internal.core.StartLevelManager.resumeBundles(StartLevelManager.java:559)
at org.eclipse.osgi.framework.internal.core.StartLevelManager.resumeBundles(StartLevelManager.java:544)
at org.eclipse.osgi.framework.internal.core.StartLevelManager.incFWSL(StartLevelManager.java:457)
at org.eclipse.osgi.framework.internal.core.StartLevelManager.doSetStartLevel(StartLevelManager.java:243)
at org.eclipse.osgi.framework.internal.core.StartLevelManager.dispatchEvent(StartLevelManager.java:438)
at org.eclipse.osgi.framework.internal.core.StartLevelManager.dispatchEvent(StartLevelManager.java:1)
at org.eclipse.osgi.framework.eventmgr.EventManager.dispatchEvent(EventManager.java:230)
at org.eclipse.osgi.framework.eventmgr.EventManager$EventThread.run(EventManager.java:340)
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException: A null service reference is not allowed.
at org.eclipse.osgi.framework.internal.core.BundleContextImpl.getService(BundleContextImpl.java:586)
at com.javaworld.sample.helloworld.Activator.start(Activator.java:20)
at org.eclipse.osgi.framework.internal.core.BundleContextImpl$1.run(BundleContextImpl.java:711)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(AccessController.java:251)
at org.eclipse.osgi.framework.internal.core.BundleContextImpl.startActivator(BundleContextImpl.java:702)
... 12 more
Cause:
Solution: Use ServiceTracker instead.
References
 |
| Figure 1: Missing Constraint: Import-Package |
 |
| Figure 2: Add Bundles |
 |
| Figure 1: Missing library: xdoclet |
 |
| Figure 2: Library Found |
<a class='timestamp-link' expr:href='data:post.url' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'>
<abbr class='published' expr:title='data:post.timestampISO8601' itemprop='datePublished'>
<data:post.timestamp/>
</abbr></a>
Add "updated" to the class "'timestamp-link" and "published".<a class='timestamp-link updated' expr:href='data:post.url' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'>
<abbr class='published updated' expr:title='data:post.timestampISO8601' itemprop='datePublished'>
<data:post.timestamp/>
</abbr></a>
Problem: org.springframework.jdbc.UncategorizedSQLException: Error setting null parameter. Most JDBC drivers require that the JdbcType must be specified for all nullable parameters.
Cause: The JdbcType property is not set in the XML mapper.
Solution: Specify jdbcType of the parameter in the mapper.
<select id="selectByYear" parameterType="map" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
SELECT *
FROM tbl_calendar
WHERE year=#{year,jdbcType=DECIMAL}
</select>
Problem: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Mapped Statements collection does not contain value for
Cause: The same namespace is used in 2 different mappers.
Solution: Change the namespace in one of the mappers.
<?mapper namespace="com.blogspot.adaprognotebook.dao.mybatis.CompanyMapper" >
Problem: When generating the iMbatis mapping files in Eclipse, "Fail to generate mapper files: Exception getting JDBC Driver" error is encountered.
 |
| Figure 1: Exception getting JDBC Driver |
Cause: Eclipse cannot find the JDBC library file.
Solution: Add <classPathEntry> to the "generatorConfig.xml" to define the class path of the library file.
generatorConfig.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE generatorConfiguration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD MyBatis Generator Configuration 1.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-generator-config_1_0.dtd" >
<generatorConfiguration>
<classPathEntry location="/Users/adaprognotebook/lib/ojdbc6.jar"/>
<context id="system" >
<plugin type="org.mybatis.generator.plugins.CaseInsensitiveLikePlugin" />
<jdbcConnection driverClass="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver" connectionURL="jdbc:oracle:thin:@//127.0.0.1:1521/books" userId="ada" password="pass123" />
<javaModelGenerator targetPackage="com.blogspot.adaprognotebook.model" targetProject="books" />
<sqlMapGenerator targetPackage="com.blogspot.adaprognotebook.dao.mybatis.mapper" targetProject="books/src/conf" />
<javaClientGenerator targetPackage="com.blogspot.adaprognotebook.dao.mybatis" targetProject="books" type="XMLMAPPER" />
<table schema="books" tableName="AUTHROS" />
</context>
</generatorConfiguration>
Solution: Add the switches after the goal, e.g. test -e -X.
 |
| Figure 1: Run Configuration with switch |
Problem: Unable to access binding information for class. Make sure the binding has been compiled.
HTTP ERROR 500 Problem accessing /lucky-number-ws/LuckyRequest.wsdl. Reason: Error creating bean with name 'payloadMapping' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/spring/applicationContext.xml]: Cannot resolve reference to bean 'luckyServiceEndpoint' while setting bean property 'endpointMap' with key [TypedStringValue: value [{http://localhost:8080/luckyservice/services/}/LuckyRequest], target type [null]]; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'luckyServiceEndpoint' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/spring/applicationContext.xml]: Cannot resolve reference to bean 'marshaller' while setting bean property 'marshaller'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'marshaller' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/spring/applicationContext.xml]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is org.springframework.oxm.jibx.JibxSystemException: Unable to access binding information for class com.blogspot.adaprognotebook.message.LuckyResponse Make sure the binding has been compiled; nested exception is org.jibx.runtime.JiBXException: Unable to access binding information for class com.blogspot.adaprognotebook.message.LuckyResponse Make sure the binding has been compiledSolution: Run "jibx:bind" goal to compile the binding.
[INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] [INFO] ---------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Building Lucky Number Web Service 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT [INFO] ---------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] [INFO] --- jibx-maven-plugin:1.2.4.5:bind (default-cli) @ lucky-number-ws --- [INFO] Running JiBX binding compiler (single-module mode) on 1 binding file(s) [INFO] ---------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ---------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Total time: 1.772s [INFO] Finished at: Tue Feb 19 18:01:43 CST 2013 [INFO] Final Memory: 11M/24M [INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------Problem: Plugin {plugin name} or one of its dependencies could not be resolved: Failed to read artifact descriptor for {plugin name}: Could not find artifact {plugin name}
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] BUILD FAILURE [INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Total time: 0.079s [INFO] Finished at: Tue Feb 05 12:14:23 CST 2013 [INFO] Final Memory: 5M/8M [INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------- [ERROR] Plugin org.jibx:maven-jibx-plugin:1.2.4-SNAPSHOT or one of its dependencies could not be resolved: Failed to read artifact descriptor for org.jibx:maven-jibx-plugin:jar:1.2.4-SNAPSHOT: Could not find artifact org.jibx:maven-jibx-plugin:pom:1.2.4-SNAPSHOT -> [Help 1]Cause: The repository does not contain the plugin.
Solution: Add the <pluginRepositories> sections in the pom.xml file.
pom.xml
<pluginRepositories>
<pluginRepository>
<id>sonatype-nexus-snapshots</id>
<name>Sonatype Nexus Snapshots</name>
<url>https://repository.sonatype.org/content/groups/public/</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>true</enabled>
</snapshots>
</pluginRepository>
</pluginRepositories>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>sonatype-nexus-snapshots</id>
<name>Sonatype Nexus Snapshots</name>
<url>https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots</url>
<releases>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</releases>
<snapshots>
<enabled>true</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
Problem: Error assembling WAR: webxml attribute is required.
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] BUILD FAILURE [INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Total time: 1.694s [INFO] Finished at: Tue Feb 05 15:21:46 CST 2013 [INFO] Final Memory: 10M/21M [INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------- [ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-war-plugin:2.1.1:war (default-war) on project {project name}: Error assembling WAR: webxml attribute is required (or pre-existing WEB-INF/web.xml if executing in update mode) -> [Help 1]Cause: The maven-war-plugin plugin is not configured.
Solution:Add the following section in the pom.xml.
pom.xml
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.1.1</version>
<configuration>
<failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
</configuration>
</plugin>
Problem: class org.jibx.runtime.JodaConvert not found in classpath.
[INFO] --- jibx-maven-plugin:1.2.4.5:bind (default-cli) @ memberservice --- [INFO] Running JiBX binding compiler (single-module mode) on 1 binding file(s) Running binding compiler version jibx_1_2_5-SNAPSHOT [INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] BUILD FAILURE [INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Total time: 0.640s [INFO] Finished at: Tue Feb 05 16:53:07 CST 2013 [INFO] Final Memory: 5M/14M [INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------- [ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.jibx:jibx-maven-plugin:1.2.4.5:bind (default-cli) on project memberservice: Internal error - class org.jibx.runtime.JodaConvert not found in classpath -> [Help 1]Cause: Wrong version of JiBX is used.
Solution:Update the version of JiBX dependencies in the pom.xml.
pom.xml
<dependency>
<groupId>org.jibx</groupId>
<artifactId>jibx-run</artifactId>
<version>1.2.4.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.jibx</groupId>
<artifactId>jibx-extras</artifactId>
<version>1.2.4.5</version>
</dependency>
Problem: 'build.plugins.plugin.version' for org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin is missing.
[WARNING] Some problems were encountered while building the effective model for {project name}:war:1.0-SNAPSHOT [WARNING] 'build.plugins.plugin.version' for org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin is missing. @ line 83, column 15 [WARNING] [WARNING] It is highly recommended to fix these problems because they threaten the stability of your build. [WARNING] [WARNING] For this reason, future Maven versions might no longer support building such malformed projects.Cause: Version number is not set for the maven-compiler-plugin plugin.
Solution:Set the version number under the <artifactId>
pom.xml
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.6</source>
<target>1.6</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
Problem: File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding Cp1252, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding Cp1252, i.e. build is platform dependentCause: Encoding of the source files is not set.
Solution: Set the encoding of the source files.
pom.xml
<project>
...
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
...
</project>
Problem: The project uses or overrides a deprecated API.
[WARNING] Note: D:\workspaces\Test\LuckyNumberWebService\src\test\java\com\blogspot\adaprognotebook\client\TestLuckyServiceClient.java uses or overrides a deprecated API. [WARNING] Note: Recompile with -Xlint:deprecation for details.Cause: The project uses or overrides a deprecated API.
Solution: Set "-Xlint:deprecation" as compiler argument during compilation.
pom.xml
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.6</source>
<target>1.6</target>
<compilerArgument>-Xlint:deprecation</compilerArgument>
</configuration>
</plugin>
 |
| Figure 1: Add Archetype. |
 |
| Figure 2: Can't resolve Archetype. |
<profiles>
<profile>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>mvn-repository</id>
<name>MvnRepository.com</name>
<url>http://mvnrepository/</url>
</repository>
</repositories>
</profile>
</profiles>
Problem: Java.Lang.ClassNotFoundException: Org.Objectweb.Asm.Type
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org.objectweb.asm.Type
Cause: asm.jar is missing.
Solution: Add the dependency in the project's pom.xml.
<dependency>
<groupId>asm</groupId>
<artifactId>asm</artifactId>
<version>3.3.1</version>
</dependency>
Problem: Project configuration is not up-to-date with pom.xml. Run project configuration update.
Description Resource Path Location Type Project configuration is not up-to-date with pom.xml. Run project configuration update {Project Name} line 1 Maven Configuration ProblemCause: Project configuration is not up-to-date.
Solution: Run "Maven" -> "Update Project Configuration...".
 |
| Figure 1: Update Project Configuration |
Installation
Implementation
It is assumed that there is already a web application project on-hand. You may reference to another article "First Hello World Web Application using Maven" to create one.
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>sonatype-nexus-snapshots</id>
<name>Sonatype Nexus Snapshots</name>
<url>https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots</url>
<releases>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</releases>
<snapshots>
<enabled>true</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-jetty-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${jetty.version}</version>
<configuration>
<scanIntervalSeconds>60</scanIntervalSeconds>
<stopPort>7788</stopPort>
<stopKey>foo</stopKey>
<webApp>
<descriptor>${basedir}/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml</descriptor>
</webApp>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<properties>
<jetty.version>6.1.26</jetty.version>
</properties>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>central-repo-browser</id>
<name>The Central Repository Browser</name>
<url>http://search.maven.org</url>
</repository>
</repositories>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${jetty.version}</version>
<configuration>
<scanIntervalSeconds>60</scanIntervalSeconds>
<stopPort>7788</stopPort>
<stopKey>foo</stopKey>
<webApp>
<descriptor>${basedir}/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml</descriptor>
</webApp>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<properties>
<jetty.version>8.1.9.v20130131</jetty.version>
</properties> |
| Figure 1: New Configuration for starting Jetty. |
 |
| Figure 2: New Configuration for stopping Jetty. |
 |
| Figure 3: New Configuration for compilation. |
Implementation
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
targetNamespace="http://com.blogspot.adaprognotebook/LuckyService/"
elementFormDefault="qualified">
<xsd:element name="LuckyRequest">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="name" type="xsd:string" />
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
<xsd:element name="LuckyResponse">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="message" type="xsd:string" />
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:schema>
LuckyService.java
package main.java.com.blogspot.adaprognotebook.service;
public interface LuckyService {
String sayLuckyMessage(String name);
}
LuckyServiceImpl.java
package main.java.com.blogspot.adaprognotebook.service;
public class LuckyServiceImpl implements LuckyService {
@Override
public String sayLuckyMessage(String name) {
if (name == null || name.trim().isEmpty()) {
return "Tell me you name~~~";
}
int number = (int)(Math.random()*100);
return "Hello : " + name + "! Your lucky number is " + number + ".";
}
}
LuckyRequest.java
package com.blogspot.adaprognotebook.message;
public class LuckyRequest
{
private String name;
public LuckyRequest() {
super();
}
public LuckyRequest(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
LuckyResponse.java
package com.blogspot.adaprognotebook.message;
public class LuckyResponse
{
private String message;
public LuckyResponse() {
super();
}
public LuckyResponse(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
public void setMessage(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
}
binding.xml
<binding name="binding" package="com.blogspot.adaprognotebook.message" trim-whitespace="true">
<namespace uri="http://localhost:8080/luckyservice/" default="elements"/>
<mapping class="com.blogspot.adaprognotebook.message.LuckyRequest" name="LuckyRequest">
<value style="element" name="name" get-method="getName" set-method="setName"/>
</mapping>
<mapping class="com.blogspot.adaprognotebook.message.LuckyResponse" name="LuckyResponse">
<value style="element" name="message" get-method="getMessage" set-method="setMessage"/>
</mapping>
WEB-INF/spring/applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="payloadMapping"
class="org.springframework.ws.server.endpoint.mapping.PayloadRootQNameEndpointMapping">
<property name="endpointMap">
<map>
<entry
key="{http://localhost:8080/luckyservice/}/LuckyRequest"
value-ref="luckyServiceEndpoint" />
</map>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="luckyService" class="com.blogspot.adaprognotebook.service.LuckyServiceImpl" />
<bean id="luckyServiceEndpoint"
class="com.blogspot.adaprognotebook.endpoint.LuckyServiceEndpoint">
<property name="marshaller" ref="marshaller" />
<property name="unmarshaller" ref="unmarshaller" />
<property name="luckyService" ref="luckyService" />
</bean>
<bean id="marshaller"
class="org.springframework.oxm.jibx.JibxMarshaller">
<property name="targetClass"
value="com.blogspot.adaprognotebook.message.LuckyResponse" />
</bean>
<bean id="unmarshaller"
class="org.springframework.oxm.jibx.JibxMarshaller">
<property name="targetClass"
value="com.blogspot.adaprognotebook.message.LuckyRequest" />
</bean>
<bean id="LuckyRequest"
class="org.springframework.ws.wsdl.wsdl11.DefaultWsdl11Definition">
<property name="schema" ref="schema" />
<property name="portTypeName" value="Hello" />
<property name="locationUri"
value="http://localhost:8080/luckyservice/services/LuckyRequest" />
</bean>
<bean id="schema"
class="org.springframework.xml.xsd.SimpleXsdSchema">
<property name="xsd" value="/WEB-INF/xsd/lucky.xsd" />
</bean>
</beans>
package com.blogspot.adaprognotebook.endpoint;
import com.blogspot.adaprognotebook.message.HelloRequest;
import com.blogspot.adaprognotebook.message.HelloResponse;
import com.blogspot.adaprognotebook.service.HelloService;
import org.springframework.ws.server.endpoint.AbstractMarshallingPayloadEndpoint;
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
public class HelloServiceEndpoint extends AbstractMarshallingPayloadEndpoint {
private HelloService helloService;
protected Object invokeInternal(Object requestObject) throws Exception {
HelloRequest request = (HelloRequest) requestObject;
String name = request.getName();
return new HelloResponse(helloService.sayhello(name));
}
public HelloService getHelloService() {
return helloService;
}
public void setHelloService(HelloService helloService) {
this.helloService = helloService;
}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><wsdl:definitions targetNamespace="http://localhost:8080/luckyservice/" xmlns:sch="http://localhost:8080/luckyservice/" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" xmlns:tns="http://localhost:8080/luckyservice/" xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/">
<wsdl:types>
<xsd:schema elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://localhost:8080/luckyservice/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<xsd:element name="LuckyRequest">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="name" type="xsd:string"/>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
<xsd:element name="LuckyResponse">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="message" type="xsd:string"/>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:schema>
</wsdl:types>
<wsdl:message name="LuckyResponse">
<wsdl:part element="sch:LuckyResponse" name="LuckyResponse">
</wsdl:part>
</wsdl:message>
<wsdl:message name="LuckyRequest">
<wsdl:part element="sch:LuckyRequest" name="LuckyRequest">
</wsdl:part>
</wsdl:message>
<wsdl:portType name="Lucky">
<wsdl:operation name="Lucky">
<wsdl:input message="sch:LuckyRequest" name="LuckyRequest">
</wsdl:input>
<wsdl:output message="sch:LuckyResponse" name="LuckyResponse">
</wsdl:output>
</wsdl:operation>
</wsdl:portType>
<wsdl:binding name="LuckySoap11" type="sch:Lucky">
<soap:binding style="document" transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http"/>
<wsdl:operation name="Lucky">
<soap:operation soapAction=""/>
<wsdl:input name="LuckyRequest">
<soap:body use="literal"/>
</wsdl:input>
<wsdl:output name="LuckyResponse">
<soap:body use="literal"/>
</wsdl:output>
</wsdl:operation>
</wsdl:binding>
<wsdl:service name="LuckyService">
<wsdl:port binding="sch:LuckySoap11" name="LuckySoap11">
<soap:address location="http://localhost:8080/luckyservice/services/LuckyRequest"/>
</wsdl:port>
</wsdl:service>
</wsdl:definitions>
Problem: IOException parsing XML document from class path resource [applicationContext.xml]; nested exception is java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [applicationContext.xml] cannot be opened because it does not exist.
Cause: Wrong path is set in web.xml (clsspath:applicationContext.xml).
Solution: Set the correct path in web.xml.
web.xml
<servlet>
<servlet-name>helloservice</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.ws.transport.http.MessageDispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>WEB-INF/spring/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
<localRepository/>
<interactiveMode/>
<usePluginRegistry/>
<offline/>
<pluginGroups/>
<servers/>
<mirrors/>
<proxies/>
<proxy>
<active>true</active>
<protocol>http</protocol>
<host>proxy.somewhere.com</host>
<port>8080</port>
<username>proxyuser</username>
<password>somepassword</password>
<nonProxyHosts>www.google.com</nonProxyHosts>
</proxy>
</proxies>
<profiles/>
<activeProfiles/>
</settings/>
Implement Copy Constructor in Java.
When an object is copied to the other using assignment operator, reference of the object, instead of value of the object, is copied. Therefore changes in one object apply to another.
Copy Constructor can be used to avoid the aforesaid problem.
Java Source Code
class Ball {
private String color;
private double radius;
// A normal constructor
public Ball(double radius, String color) {
this.radius = radius;
this.color = color;
}
// Copy Constructor
Ball(Ball c) {
System.out.println("Copy constructor called.");
this.radius = c.radius;
this.color = c.color;
}
public void setColor(String color) {
this.color = color;
}
public void setRadius(double radius) {
this.radius = radius;
}
// Overriding the toString of Object class
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Radius: " + this.radius + ", Color: " + this.color;
}
}
public class Box {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Ball b1 = new Ball(10, "Red");
System.out.println("Original values of b1:");
System.out.println(b1);
System.out.println("*******************************************");
/**
* Call a copy constructor.
* Note that the values of c1 ARE NOT modified.
*/
Ball b2 = new Ball(b1);
b2.setRadius(20);
b2.setColor("Black");
System.out.println("After modification of b2 values,");
System.out.println("which is created using copy constructor:");
System.out.println("[b1] " + b1);
System.out.println("[b2] " + b2);
System.out.println("*******************************************");
/**
* Copy by reference.
* Note that the values of c1 ARE modified.
*/
Ball b3 = b1;
b3.setRadius(20);
b3.setColor("Black");
System.out.println("After modification of b3 values,");
System.out.println("which is created using assignment operator:");
System.out.println("[b1] " + b1);
System.out.println("[b2] " + b2);
System.out.println("[b3] " + b3);
System.out.println("*******************************************");
/**
* Changes of c1 values applied to c3.
*/
b1.setRadius(30);
b1.setColor("Pink");
System.out.println("After modification of b1 values:");
System.out.println("[b1] " + b1);
System.out.println("[b2] " + b2);
System.out.println("[b3] " + b3);
System.out.println("*******************************************");
}
}
Output
Original values of b1: Radius: 10.0, Color: Red ******************************************* After modification of b2 values, which is created using copy constructor: [b1] Radius: 10.0, Color: Red [b2] Radius: 20.0, Color: Black ******************************************* After modification of b3 values, which is created using assignment operator: [b1] Radius: 20.0, Color: Black [b2] Radius: 20.0, Color: Black [b3] Radius: 20.0, Color: Black ******************************************* After modification of b1 values: [b1] Radius: 30.0, Color: Pink [b2] Radius: 20.0, Color: Black [b3] Radius: 30.0, Color: Pink *******************************************A hands-on guide to enable Maven in existing Java projects in Eclipse.
In order to facilitate the build process in the software development life cycle, Maven can be used as a software project management and comprehension tool.
Projects are first configured as Maven-enabled. The POM (Project Object Model) file, which is an XML file (pom.xml), contains information about the project and configuration details used by Maven to build project. Configuration includes project dependencies, the plugins or goals that can be executed, the build profiles and so on.
 |
| Figure 1: Architecture of the Development Environment |
Installation
Design
Suppose that three projects are created: myapp-common, myapp-web and myapp-admin. As shown in Figure 4, myapp-web and myapp-admin have dependency on myapp-common, and this is configured in the POM file.
 |
| Figure 4: Projects Dependancies |
Implementation
mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.blogspot.adaprognotebook-DartifactId=myapp-common -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart
mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.blogspot.adaprognotebook-DartifactId=myapp-web -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -Dpackage=war
mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.blogspot.adaprognotebook-DartifactId=myapp-admin -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -Dpackage=war
myapp-common
|-- pom.xml
|-- src
|-- main
|-- java
|-- resources
|-- test
|-- java
myapp-web
|-- pom.xml
|-- src
|-- main
|-- resources
|-- webapp
|-- WEB-INF
|-- web.xml
|-- index.jsp
myapp-admin
|-- pom.xml
|-- src
|-- main
|-- resources
|-- webapp
|-- WEB-INF
|-- web.xml
|-- index.jsp
 |
| Figure 5: Import existing projects into Workspace |
 |
| Figure 6: Configure Installed JRE |
<servers>
<server>
<id>nexus-releases</id>
<username>deployment</username>
<password>test123</password>
</server>
<server>
<id>nexus-snapshots</id>
<username>deployment</username>
<password>test123</password>
</server>
</servers>
<mirror>
<id>nexus</id>
<name>nexus public mirror</name>
<url>http://{Host of the Nexus server}/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
<mirrorOf>*</mirrorOf>
</mirror>
<distributionManagement>
<repository>
<id>nexus-snapshots</id>
<name>Samvo Repository for Maven</name>
<url>http://{Host of the Nexus server}/nexus/content/repositories/snapshots/</url>
</repository>
</distributionManagement>
<server>
<id>tomcat</id>
<username>ad</username>
<password>test123</password>
</server>
Since Oracle 9i Release 1 (9.0.1), a new datatype, XMLType, has been introduced to facilitate native handling of XML data in the database.
The following example demonstrate how to read an XML file using the XMLType.
XML
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<customer_list>
<sales_person_staff_no>201201234</sales_person_staff_no>
<sales_person_name>Ada Cheng</sales_person_name>
<customer>
<customer_code>1234</customer_code>
<customer_name>ABC Trading Co., Ltd.</customer_name>
<contact>
<contact_name>Mickey Mouse</contact_name>
<phone_no>987654321</phone_no>
</contact>
<contact>
<contact_name>Donald Duck</contact_name>
<phone_no>987654322</phone_no>
</contact>
</customer>
<customer>
<customer_code>1235</customer_code>
<customer_name>Sunshine Co., Ltd.</customer_name>
<contact>
<contact_name>Felix the Cat</contact_name>
<phone_no>987654322</phone_no>
</contact>
</customer>
</customer_list>
PL/SQL
create or replace
PROCEDURE SP_XML_PARSING
(
as_if_dir IN VARCHAR2, /* Oracle Directory of the XML File */
as_if_name IN VARCHAR2 /* File Name of the XML File */
)
AS
/************************************************************************
NAME: SP_XML_PARSING
PURPOSE: Parse an XML file.
************************************************************************/
CURSOR c_customer_list (f_xml XMLTYPE) IS
SELECT customer_list.*
FROM XMLTable('/customer_list'
passing f_xml
COLUMNS STAFF_NO VARCHAR2(20) path 'sales_person_staff_no',
STAFF_NAME VARCHAR2(50) path 'sales_person_name',
CUSTOMERS XMLTYPE path 'customer'
) AS customer_list;
CURSOR c_customer (f_xml XMLTYPE) IS
SELECT customer.*
FROM XMLTable('/customer'
passing f_xml
COLUMNS CUSTOMER_CD VARCHAR2(20) path 'customer_code',
CUSTOMER_NAME VARCHAR2(100) path 'customer_name',
CONTACTS XMLTYPE path 'contact'
) AS customer;
CURSOR c_contacts (f_xml XMLTYPE) IS
SELECT contacts.*
FROM XMLTable('/contact'
passing f_xml
COLUMNS NAME VARCHAR2(50) path 'contact_name',
PHONE_NO VARCHAR2(50) path 'phone_no'
) AS contacts;
TYPE lt_customer_list IS TABLE OF c_customer_list%ROWTYPE INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;
TYPE lt_customer IS TABLE OF c_customer%ROWTYPE INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;
TYPE lt_contacts IS TABLE OF c_contacts%ROWTYPE INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;
la_customer_list lt_customer_list;
la_customer lt_customer;
la_contacts lt_contacts;
lx_if XMLTYPE;
BEGIN
lx_if := XMLTYPE(bfilename(as_if_dir, as_if_name), nls_charset_id('AL32UTF8'));
-- Customer List --
OPEN c_customer_list(lx_if);
LOOP
FETCH c_customer_list BULK COLLECT INTO la_customer_list;
FOR i IN 1..la_customer_list.COUNT LOOP
dbms_output.put_line('Staff No.: ' || la_customer_list(i).STAFF_NO);
dbms_output.put_line('Staff Name: ' || la_customer_list(i).STAFF_NAME);
dbms_output.put_line('**********************');
-- Customers --
IF c_customer%ISOPEN THEN
CLOSE c_customer;
END IF;
OPEN c_customer(la_customer_list(i).CUSTOMERS);
LOOP
FETCH c_customer BULK COLLECT INTO la_customer;
FOR j IN 1..la_customer.COUNT LOOP
dbms_output.put_line('Cusomter Code: ' || la_customer(j).CUSTOMER_CD);
dbms_output.put_line('Cusomter Name: ' || la_customer(j).CUSTOMER_NAME);
dbms_output.put_line('----------------------');
-- Contacts --
IF c_contacts%ISOPEN THEN
CLOSE c_contacts;
END IF;
OPEN c_contacts(la_customer(j).CONTACTS);
LOOP
FETCH c_contacts BULK COLLECT INTO la_contacts;
FOR k IN 1..la_contacts.COUNT LOOP
dbms_output.put_line('Contact Name: ' || la_contacts(k).NAME);
dbms_output.put_line('Phone No.: ' || la_contacts(k).PHONE_NO);
dbms_output.put_line('######################');
END LOOP;
EXIT WHEN c_contacts%NOTFOUND;
END LOOP;
-- End Contacts --
END LOOP;
EXIT WHEN c_customer%NOTFOUND;
END LOOP;
-- End Customers --
END LOOP;
EXIT WHEN c_customer_list%NOTFOUND;
END LOOP;
-- End Customer List --
CLOSE c_contacts;
CLOSE c_customer;
CLOSE c_customer_list;
END;
Output
Staff No.: 201201234 Staff Name: Ada Cheng ********************** Cusomter Code: 1234 Cusomter Name: ABC Trading Co., Ltd. ---------------------- Contact Name: Mickey Mouse Phone No.: 987654321 ###################### Contact Name: Donald Duck Phone No.: 987654322 ###################### Cusomter Code: 1235 Cusomter Name: Sunshine Co., Ltd. ---------------------- Contact Name: Felix the Cat Phone No.: 987654322 ######################
References
Use BULK COLLECT to retrieve large volume of data by using a single operation to bind the DML statements to whole collections, reducing the number of context switches, and hence greatly increases the performance.
In my experience in reading an XML file with more than 20,000 records, it took more than an hour to parse the data using an ordinary FOR loop. However, after using the BULK COLLECT, it is greatly reduced to less than 2 minutes.
create or replace
PROCEDURE SP_BULK_COLLECT
AS
/*********************************************************************
NAME: SP_BULK_COLLECT
PURPOSE: Example for fetching the record in large volume.
*********************************************************************/
CURSOR c_products IS
SELECT PRODUCT_CD
FROM TBL_PRODUCT
ORDER BY PRODUCT_CD;
TYPE lt_products IS TABLE OF c_products%ROWTYPE INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;
la_products lt_products;
BEGIN
OPEN c_products;
LOOP
FETCH c_products BULK COLLECT INTO la_products LIMIT 100;
FOR i IN 1..la_products.COUNT LOOP
dbms_output.put_line(la_products(i).PRODUCT_CD);
END LOOP;
EXIT WHEN c_products%NOTFOUND;
END LOOP;
CLOSE c_products;
END;
References
Demonstrate the use of REVERSE keyword in a LOOP.
create or replace
PROCEDURE SP_REVERSE_LOOP
AS
/*********************************************************************
NAME: SP_REVERSE_LOOP
PURPOSE: An example to reverse a looping.
*********************************************************************/
la_nums DBMS_SQL.VARCHAR2A;
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..10 LOOP
la_nums(i) := i * i;
END LOOP;
FOR i IN 1..10 LOOP
dbms_output.put_line(i || ': ' || la_nums(i));
END LOOP;
dbms_output.put_line('******************');
FOR i IN 10..1 LOOP
dbms_output.put_line(i || ': ' || la_nums(i));
END LOOP;
dbms_output.put_line('******************');
FOR i IN REVERSE 1..10 LOOP
dbms_output.put_line(i || ': ' || la_nums(i));
END LOOP;
dbms_output.put_line('******************');
END;
Output
1: 1 2: 4 3: 9 4: 16 5: 25 6: 36 7: 49 8: 64 9: 81 10: 100 ****************** ****************** 10: 100 9: 81 8: 64 7: 49 6: 36 5: 25 4: 16 3: 9 2: 4 1: 1 ******************create or replace
PROCEDURE SP_CURSOR_EXAMPLE1
AS
/****************************************************************
NAME: SP_CURSOR_EXAMPLE1
PURPOSE: Example for looping records in a cursor.
****************************************************************/
CURSOR c_products IS
SELECT PRODUCT_CD
FROM TBL_PRODUCT
ORDER BY PRODUCT_CD;
BEGIN
FOR r_proudct IN c_products
LOOP
dbms_output.put_line(r_proudct.PRODUCT_CD);
END LOOP;
END;
An Oracle directory is a database object pointing to a operating system directory on the database server machine for reading and writing files.
CREATE OR REPLACE DIRECTORY scott_dir as '/home/scott';
GRANT read, write ON DIRECTORY scott_dir TO scott;
create or replace
PROCEDURE SP_READ_FILE
(
as_file_dir IN VARCHAR2, /* Oracle Directory */
as_file_name IN VARCHAR2 /* File Name */
)
AS
lh_file_handle UTL_FILE.FILE_TYPE;
ls_line VARCHAR2(1000);
BEGIN
lh_file_handle := UTL_FILE.FOPEN(as_file_dir, as_file_name, 'R');
LOOP
UTL_FILE.GET_LINE(lh_file_handle,ls_line);
dbms_output.put_line(ls_line);
END LOOP;
UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(lh_file_handle);
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE
PROCEDURE SP_WRITE_TO_FILE
(
as_file_dir VARCHAR2, /* Oracle Directory of the Output Text */
as_file_name VARCHAR2 /* File Name of the Output Text */
) AS
lh_file_handle UTL_FILE.FILE_TYPE;
BEGIN
lh_file_handle := UTL_FILE.FOPEN(as_file_dir, as_file_name, 'W', 32000);
UTL_FILE.PUT_LINE(lh_file_handle, 'Hello World!!!');
UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(lh_file_handle);
EXCEPTION
WHEN UTL_FILE.INVALID_OPERATION THEN
dbms_output.put_line('Invalid operation Error: '||SQLCODE||' -ERROR- '||SQLERRM);
UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(lh_file_handle);
WHEN UTL_FILE.INVALID_FILEHANDLE THEN
dbms_output.put_line('Invalid File Handler Error: '||SQLCODE||' -ERROR- '||SQLERRM);
UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(lh_file_handle);
WHEN UTL_FILE.READ_ERROR THEN
dbms_output.put_line('Read Error: '||SQLCODE||' -ERROR- '||SQLERRM);
UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(lh_file_handle);
WHEN UTL_FILE.WRITE_ERROR THEN
dbms_output.put_line('Write Error: '||SQLCODE||' -ERROR- '||SQLERRM);
UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(lh_file_handle);
WHEN UTL_FILE.INVALID_PATH THEN
dbms_output.put_line('Invalid Path Error: '||SQLCODE||' -ERROR- '||SQLERRM);
UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(lh_file_handle);
WHEN UTL_FILE.INVALID_MODE THEN
dbms_output.put_line('Invalid Mode Error: '||SQLCODE||' -ERROR- '||SQLERRM);
UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(lh_file_handle);
WHEN UTL_FILE.INTERNAL_ERROR THEN
dbms_output.put_line('Internal Error: '||SQLCODE||' -ERROR- '||SQLERRM);
UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(lh_file_handle);
WHEN VALUE_ERROR THEN
dbms_output.put_line('Value Error: '||SQLCODE||' -ERROR- '||SQLERRM);
UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(lh_file_handle);
WHEN OTHERS THEN
dbms_output.put_line('Other errors: '||SQLCODE||' -ERROR- '||SQLERRM);
UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(lh_file_handle);
END SP_WRITE_TO_FILE;
#!/bin/ksh
FTP_HOST=ftp.example.com
FTP_USER=ftpuser
FTP_PASS=pass123
FTP_DIR=/home/ftpuser
FTP_FILE=from.txt
DEST_DIR=/home/localuser
DEST_FILE=to.txt
JOB_LOG_FILE=example.log
ftp -nv >> $JOB_LOG_FILE << EOFMARK
open $FTP_HOST
user $FTP_USER $FTP_PASS
acsii
get $FTP_DIR/$FTP_FILE $DEST_DIR/$DEST_FILE
EOFMARK
return 0
#!/bin/ksh
FTP_HOST=ftp.example.com
FTP_USER=ftpuser
FTP_PASS=pass123
FTP_DIR=/home/ftpuser
FTP_FILE=from.txt
FTP_TMP_FILE=ftp_temp.txt
JOB_LOG_FILE=example.log
ftp -nv >> $JOB_LOG_FILE << EOFMARK
open $FTP_HOST
user $FTP_USER $FTP_PASS
cd $FTP_DIR
prompt off
ls * $FTP_TMP_FILE
EOFMARK
return 0
#!/bin/ksh
USER=scott
PASS=tiger
ORACLE_SID=example_sid
JOB_LOG_FILE=example.log
sqlplus -s $USER/$PASS"@"$ORACLE_SID >> $JOB_LOG_FILE << EOFMARK
set serveroutput on
set timing on
exec sp_example('ABC');
exit
EOFMARK
return 0
The above script uses SQL Plus as client to connect to Oracle database, and execute the stored procedure "sp_example". All dbms_out.put_line() outputs will be logged into the "example.log" file.
#!/bin/ksh
USER=scott
PASS=tiger
ORACLE_SID=example_sid
JOB_LOG_FILE=example.log
ORA_TMP_FILE=test.txt
sqlplus -s $USER/$PASS"@"$ORACLE_SID >> $JOB_LOG_FILE << EOFMARK
set serveroutput on
set timing on
set heading off
spool $ORA_TMP_FILE
select TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'dd-Mon-yyyy'), COUNT(*) from dual;
spool off
EOFMARK
return 0
if [[ -e $ORA_TMP_FILE ]];then
PARAM_INFO=`grep "no rows selected" $ORA_TMP_FILE | wc -l`
fi
if [[ $PARAM_INFO -eq 1 ]];then
echo "No data is selected."
fi
if [[ -e $ORA_TMP_FILE ]];then
PARAM_LIST=`cat $ORA_TMP_FILE`
fi
if [[ $PARAM_LIST != "" ]];then
set -A array $PARAM_LIST
CURRENT_DATE=${array[0]}
RECORD_COUNT=${array[1]}
echo "Current date is ${CURRENT_DATE}."
echo "Record count is ${RECORD_COUNT}."
fi
Current date is 17-Jan-2013.
Record count is 1.
. ./error_handling.sh
if [[ -z $1 ]];then
echo "Usage: `basename $0` arg1"
echo "Please provide date in YYYYMMDD as the first parameter when running this script."
return 100
fi
YOUR_NAME="Mickey Mouse"
typeset -u $YOUR_NAME
echo $YOUR_NAME
MICKEY MOUSE
sed -e 's/&/&/g' "from.txt" > "to.txt"
JOB_LOG_FILE=example.log
trap 'RC=$?; echo `date` "Error Line No.: $LINENO (Error Code: $RC)" >> $JOB_LOG_FILE' ERR
echo `date +%y/%m/%d` `date +%H:%M:%S` "Hello World!"
Thu Jan 17 16:31:07 HKT 2013 Hello World!
JOB_LOG_FILE=example.log
info=`grep -Ei "error" $JOB_LOG_FILE | wc -l`
if [[ $ftp_info -qt 0 ]];then
echo "Error(s) found."
else
echo "No Error found."
fi
JOB_LOG_FILE=example.logJAR_PATH=/home/scott
JAVA_NAMR=example.jar
PARAM_VALUE=test
echo `date` `java -jar $JAR_PATH/$JAR_NAME $PARAM_VALUE` >> $JOB_LOG_FILE
KEEP_FILES_IN_DAYS=30
find $LOG_PATH -name "job_*.log" -mtime +${KEEP_FILES_IN_DAYS} -exec rm -f {} \;
to: test_to@example.com
cc: test_cc@example.com
from: test_from@example.com
subject: Test Example with empty body
sendmail -t < email_tmpl.txt
to: test_to@example.com
cc: test_cc@example.com
from: test_from@example.com
subject: Test Example with plain text body
This is an email with plain text body.
To send this email text, for example, named email_tmpl.txt, through sendmail, issue the same command in (1).
(cat "email_tmpl.txt"; uuencode "a.html" "a.html"; uuencode "b.html" "b.html") | sendmail -t
to: test_to@example.com
cc: test_cc@example.com
from: test_from@example.com
subject: Test Example with HTML body
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
<html>
<head></head>
<body>
This is an email template with <b>HTML</b> body!
<body>
</html>
To send this email text, use the same command as in (1).
to: test_to@example.com
cc: test_cc@example.com
from: test_from@example.com
subject: Test Example with HTML body
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="test_example_boundary"
--test_example_boundary
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
<html>
<head></head>
<body>
This is an email template with <b>HTML</b> body!
<body>
</html>
--test_example_boundary
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=html_attachment.html
<html>
<head></head>
<body>
This is a <b>HTML</b> attachment!
<body>
</html>
--test_example_boundary--